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    • 航空工程
    • A Composite Guidance for Vertically Launched Dual Range SAM with Side Jet Controls垂直發射雙射程地對空飛彈採用側噴流複合導引法則之研究
    • Der-Ren Taur(陶德仁)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    A composite guidance strategy for vertically launched dual range surface-to-air missiles (SAM) with side jet controls (SJC) is synthesized in this study. The missile consists of two solid-propellant stages, initial side jet thrusters integrated into the aft section of the booster are used when high levels of agility are required to engage such as supersonic skimmers with high g weaving maneuver or cruise missiles. For this short range engagement, a sliding mode agile turn guidance law in the pitch plane is invoked to perform the high-angle-of-attack maneuver in one second. On the other hand, for the beyond visual range (BVR) engagement such as fighters, a simplified version of singular perturbation (SP) optimal midcourse guidance law based on the composite control approach is proposed. Besides, a trajectory shaping midcourse guidance law combined with a bounded differential game (BDG) homing guidance law coupled with the terminal side jet thrusters is utilized to defend the low altitude tactical ballistic missiles (TBM).本文旨在探討垂直發射雙射程地對空飛彈採用側噴流複合導引法則之相關研究。該飛彈包括加力器及續航器兩段式固體推進系統，當對付高速低飛且具高G值運動能力之掠海飛彈或尋弋飛彈，將啟動整合於加力器底部之初始側噴流裝置執行俯仰快速轉向之作為。對於此類低飛近程目標之攔截，在初期轉向階段採用滑模快速轉向導引律於1秒內執行完成飛彈高攻角之運動模式。另外一方面，對於視距外之遠程目標例如戰機，則將引用複合控制原理對於奇異攝動理論推導之尋優中途導引律進行簡化之相關修正。此外，亦將整合預設航道中途導引律以及非線性微分對策歸向導引律並輔以終端側噴流裝置以對付進入低空層來襲之彈道飛彈。

    關鍵詞 ： Key words：Vertical Launch(垂直發射)、Dual Range Surface to Air Missile(雙射程地對空飛彈)、Side Jet Control(側噴流控制)、Sliding Mode Agile Turn Guidance Law(滑模快速轉向導引律)、Composite Control(複合控制)、Singular Perturbation(奇異攝動)、Optimal Midcourse Guidance Law(尋優中途導引律)、Trajectory Shaping Midcourse Guidance Law(預設航道中途導引律)、Bounded Differential Game Homing Guidance Law(非線性微分對策歸向導引律)、Initial Side Jet Control(初始側噴流控制)、Terminal Side Jet Control(終端側噴流控制)、Composite Guidance(複合導引)

    • 航空工程
    • 向心式葉片氣動力特性之研究 The Research in Aerodynamic Characteristics of Radial Blade
    • 唐振翰(Jhen-Han Tang)、劉彥宏(Yen-Hung Liu)、李基銓(Chih-Chuan Lee)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文之研究目的為探討向心式渦輪器之流場特性，藉此瞭解此型渦輪葉片所產生之氣動力現象，並評估其性能表現，以建立向心式渦輪器內流場的數值模擬與最佳化分析能量。本文結合一維分析、最佳化分析(Optimization)、三維流體數值模擬(ANSYS-CFX) 分析，藉此發展出一套向心式渦輪器之設計流程。渦輪器之氣動力設計是根據渦輪器之性能需求給定氣體質量流率、壓縮比、環境設定等氣動參數，設計出流體之速度三角圖、氣流角、流道幾何形狀等，以獲得所需之性能表現。因此，本文藉由Vista RTD(Radial Turbine Design)工具進行一維分析，並結合最佳化分析平台，設定限制條件及目標值，求得符合設計需求之渦輪器級數 與流路幾何外型。接續經由一維分析取得之流道幾何尺寸、氣動力資訊作為葉片設計之依據，結合三維數值模擬，藉由所計算出之流場資訊調整葉片外型，以滿足氣動力所需。本文首先經由改變速度三角圖，增加轉子葉片入口處之馬赫數及入射角，以提高進入渦輪葉片之流體能量，來獲得高輸出功。完成氣動力初步設計後，為了滿足應力需求，經由拉直入口處葉片、降低渦輪葉片之shroud高度、增加出口處葉片面積，以及增加葉片hub處之葉片厚度以上四種方法來降低渦輪葉片應力。完成應力分析後，需再次確認是否滿足氣動力需求。因此，經由多次氣動力與應力之驗證，方能完成渦輪葉片之設計。This paper aims to develop an radial turbine workflow, and discuss the aerodynamic characteristics. In order to develop an design workflow, we combine the one-dimensional analysis, optimization, and three-dimensional numerical analysis. By this workflow we can establish the numerical optimization capability in radial turbine design. First of all we define the mass flow rate, pressure ratio and operating variables to determine the triangle-velocity diagram, flow angle, and duct geometry to satisfy design requirements. For obtaining the best design of geometry, we adopt optimization method to define restrictive conditions and targets. By the one-dimensional analysis we can get the information of aerodynamic characteristics and blade geometry. Finally three-dimensionalnumerical analysis method is used to simulate the flow field, and good performance can be obtained by adjusting the blade geometry through interactions with the numerical results. Simulation results show that modified the triangle-velocity diagram make inlet mach number and inlet flow angle increase. This modification results in high flow energy in the inlet of turbine rotor. Except for aerodynamic improvement, we modify the blade geometry in order to satisfy the stress requirement. By stretching the blade near the inlet of turbine across the axial center, reducing the height of shroud of blade, increasing the area of outlet of turbine, and increasing the thickness of blade near hub, blade stress can be reduced to satisfy the requirement of turbine design.

    關鍵詞 ： 向心式渦輪器(Radial Turbine)、最佳化設計(Optimization Design)、計算流體力學(Computation Fluid Dynamics)

    • 航空工程
    • 微型渦輪引擎離心壓縮器設計The design Methodology for Centrifugal Compressor Used on Micro Turbine Engine
    • 盧亮均(Liang-Chun Lu)、劉彥宏(Yen-Hung Liu)、李基銓(Chih-Chuan Lee)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本研究針對微型渦輪引擎，設計單級離心壓縮器葉片，然而壓縮器流場相當複雜，難以直接進行三維設計。本研究藉由模擬分析軟體逐步執行一維均線分析、二維穿流分析，來設計壓縮器轉子的葉片及流道外形。一維均線分析軟體可提供初始的轉子尺寸，並經由觀察二維穿流計算結果，調整流道及葉片角度，直到得到較佳的葉片負載分佈。最後將葉片外型輸入ANSYS-CFX軟體來執行三維數值模擬，其結果可反應出較為真實的流場情形，提供設計者進行分析。本研究依序完成壓縮器轉子、擴散器及消旋片設計及匹配分析，最終設計結果可以滿足渦輪引擎需求。This study focuses on the design methodology for a single centrifugal compressor used on the micro-turbine engine. The centrifugal compressor flow-field is too complex to complete compressor blade design directly by using computation fluid dynamics method. In order to complete compressor rotor blade profile design and flow path curvature, we use commercial software to perform the 1-D mean-line and 2-D through-flow analysis. 1-D mean-line analysis software can provide initial rotor sizing. Therefore, we can tune blade angle and flow path curvature in accordance with 2-D through-flow analysis result until getting a good blade loading. After completing 2-D through-flow analysis by using ANSYS-CFX to simulate centrifugal compressor flow-field, this numerical result can offer designer analyzing with more reliability flow-field phenomenon. This article finishes rotor, diffuser and de-swirler blade design in sequence. Finally, the overall performance shows the numerical result can meet the needs of turbine design target.

    關鍵詞 ： 離心壓縮器(Centrifugal Compressor)、計算流體力學(Computation Fluid Dynamics)、均線分析(Mean-Line Analysis)、葉片設計(Blade Design)

    • 航空工程
    • 微型渦輪發電機燃燒器搭配導引板與燃料噴注裝置於甲烷/空氣混合燃燒數值模擬研究Numerical Studies of Combustion of Methane-Air Mixture in a Combustor with a Guide Vane and a Fuel Injector for Micro-Turbine Generator
    • 王維雋(Wei-Chun Wang)、李昱翰(Yu-Han Li)、洪嘉宏(Chia-Hong Hong)、李基銓(Chih-Chuan Lee)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文的研究重點主要在發展微型渦輪發電機之燃燒器研發與應用，因此，本文現階段數值模擬主要是使用CATIA程式來繪製燃燒器3D外型，與數值計算模擬軟體ANSYSCFX作為模擬方法之工具，而本文採取SST Transition Model模式，並搭配二階的化學燃燒反應機制與P-1熱輻射模式來運算求解，進而從中探討與分析更進一步之空氣/甲烷燃料混合場與駐焰機制之現象。其結果顯示，燃燒器搭配導引板與主燃區之迴流區可提升甲烷與空氣混合，進而有助於改善燃燒器內部火焰之穩定性。因此，藉由數值模擬結果分析，可增進對微型渦輪發電機燃燒器的燃燒原理與火焰穩定機制之了解，也提供日後在燃燒器的設計參考與選擇。The major objective of this paper is to develop a combustion chamber applied in the microturbine generator. In order to understand the details of the flow structure characteristics and flame stabilization mechanism inside the combustor, in numerical simulation, a commercial software CATIA was utilized to draw 3D model of the combustor. In addition, the Shear Stress Transport (SST) model and a two-step global reaction mechanism were used to compute the chemical reactions of the reacting flows. Radiation heat transfer was handled by P-1 method. Results indicate that the proposed combustor with the guide vane and the recirculation zones were formed in the primary zone can enhance the uniformity of the methane-air mixture and improve the stability of the flame base was anchored inside the combustor. From the systematic numerical simulation analysis, suitable operational parameters for the combustor of micro-turbine generator are suggested, which may be used as a guideline for the combustor design.

    關鍵詞 ： 數值模擬(Simulation)、燃燒(Combustion)、微型渦輪發電機(Micro-Turbine Generator)、導引板(Guide Vane)

    • 航空工程
    • 極音速進氣道設計與風洞測試Hypersonic Inlet Design and Wind Tunnel Test
    • 周大偉(Ta-Wei Chou) 賴祐炫(Yu-Hsuan Lai)　吳有傳(You-Chuang Wu)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    超燃衝壓引擎是現今最適合於極音速領域續航之吸氣式推進系統，超燃衝壓引擎主要由進氣道、隔離段、燃燒室及噴嘴尾管所組成，極音速進氣道為超燃衝壓引擎之重要組件，其與飛行載具之彈前體是合為一體，極音速進氣道提供燃燒室所需之空氣流量，同時對進氣空氣進行減速增壓，以滿足超音速燃燒之需求。本研究將透過一個案例來說明極音速進氣道設計時須著重的議題，採用數值模擬來輔助進氣道外形之設計與分析，最後再透過氣道風洞模型測試完成進氣道性能驗證。Scramjet engine is one of the most efficient air-breathing engines for hypersonic cruise. It is usually formed by the hypersonic inlet, isolator, combustor, and nozzle. The design of hypersonic inlet is a key of scramjet engine performances. Because of the nature of hypersonic flow, the concept of hypersonic inlet design is quite different from the supersonic inlet that used in a ramjet. This paper discusses some differences between the supersonic and the hypersonic inlet by a design example. The hypersonic inlet design was initially achieved by using the experience of supersonic inlet. The 2D CFD analysis was performed to determine the effects of shock/boundary-layer interaction and to tune the design parameters. The performances of the modified hypersonic inlet were then verified by wind tunnel tests.

    關鍵詞 ： 超燃衝壓引擎(Scramjet)、極音速進氣道(Hypersonic Inlet)、數值模擬(CFD)、風洞測試(Wind Tunnel Testing)

    • 機械工程
    • 石英音叉諧振器頻率分析The Frequency Analysis of Tuning Fork Quartz Resonators
    • 謝發華(Fa-Hwa Shieh)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本研究對於石英音叉諧振器先拆解成懸臂樑與緩衝塊，並分別建構合理位移場，以運用漢米爾頓原理列出包含壓電效應的動能與電焓，再以變分法建立統御方程式與邊界條件、以及使用分離變數法求得特徵方程式、並解出特徵值等程序，最後將懸臂樑與緩衝塊耦合，以獲得自由振動數學模型，成功地建立石英音叉諧振器頻率解析解模型。The resonant frequencies of tuning fork quartz resonator are analyzed. The structure is made of Z-cut quartz wafers, which are anisotropic in elastic stiffness, dielectric and piezoelectric constants. With the proof mass included more additional modes, such as antiphase modes, are created. In anti-phase bending mode the two parallel beams vibrate in opposite directions. It is easy to model the deformation of the two slender beams, but difficult to model that of the proof mass. The deformation model of the proof mass is proposed so that the mode shapes and natural frequencies can be solved exactly based on the equations of motion derived from the Hamilton's principle. The theoretically-obtained natural frequency is compared with the experimental one.

    關鍵詞 ： 石英音叉(Quartz Tuning Fork)、非等向性勁度(Anisotropic Stiffness)、漢米爾頓原理(Hamilton's Principle)、自然頻率(Resonance Frequency)

    • 機械工程
    • 從木氣爐到旋風式環保金爐二次燃燒技術之民生應用 Environmental Joss Paper Burner Evolving from Wood Gas Stove with Secondary Combustion Technology
    • 方富民(Fu-Min Fang)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本研究參考木氣爐之工作原理進行旋風式環保金爐之規劃設計。旋風環保金爐為一種少煙且低粉塵排放之完全燃燒爐，可供民間廟宇於慶典時大量燃燒金銀紙錢所用。另外，本研究亦利用模擬分析與後段防治設備之規劃對環保金爐進行優化設計。其中一項客製化產品為金門縣浯島城隍廟之直列式「三爐一機」環保金爐，其係由三只完全燃燒之燃燒桶，輔以循環水套與蒸氣降溫，並配合旋風集塵器進行後段除灰所組成，本產品功能已藉由軟體流場分析與實驗雛型測試進行優化設計，廟方與民眾皆對環保金爐之效能予以肯定。In this study, a novel environmental joss paper burner is developed based on the working principle of wood gas stove which can establish a flow condition promoting complete combustion with secondary combustion technology. The environmental joss paper burner is a combustion chamber that can be used in temples when a great deal of joss paper is needed to be burned during festivals and barely emits smokes or particles. The flow simulations of the chamber and the exhaust are conducted to further promote the performance of the burner due to environmental considerations. One of the commercial products will be built in Kinmen County with three combustion chambers merging in one burner. This large burner is designed with water-loop circulation for combustion chamber cooling, vapor generated for particle catching, and cyclone for dust gathering. The design is optimized by flow simulation and experimental prototype testing to ensure that the intended functions will fulfill the expectation of the customers.

    關鍵詞 ： 木氣爐(Wood Gas Stove)、環保金爐(Environmental Joss Paper Burner)、旋風集塵器(Cyclone)、空氣汙染防治(Air Pollution Control)

    • 機械工程
    • 連續系統複數模態模型於流固耦合問題之應用Application of Complex Modes Model of Continuous System to Fluid-structure Interaction Problems
    • 陳献忠(Hsien-Chung Chen)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    彈性體的動態特性會受流體的影響改變。本文的目的在利用彈性體於無流體影響下量測到的模態資料，來預測其與流體互制下之動態特性變化。文中針對任意形狀的線性彈性體提出一個頻率響應函數(Frequency Response Function)的複數模態(Complex Modes)模型，為了描述真實結構的阻尼現象，模型中導入非比例黏滯阻尼；而在探討彈性體與周圍流場的互制方面，假設流體不旋轉(Irrotational)、無黏滯性(Inviscid)，討論拉普拉士方程式(Laplace Equation)之適用情況及與彈性體耦合之處理方法，並導入邊界積分法計算流場的速度勢(Velocity Potential)。最後以壓克力箱型模型受水影響之實驗進行驗證。實驗結果顯示本文方法在預估線性彈性體受流體影響之動態特性有良好的準確度。The dynamic characteristics of an elastic body are changed under the influence of fluid.The purpose of this article is to predict the differences from modal data measured without the effect of fluid. A complex modes model for frequency response functions of an arbitrary shaped linear elastic solid is presented in this paper such that it can be applied to modal testing of continuous structural system. In order to describe the damping phenomenon of real structure, non-proportional viscous damping is included in the model. In case of fluid around an elastic body, we assume the fluid is irrotational and inviscid. Laplace equation and boundary integral method for dealing with fluid-structure interaction are discussed. A case of the effect of water on an acrylic box is used to verify the proposed method. Experiment results show this method does predict dynamic characteristics with good accuracy.

    關鍵詞 ： 複數模態(Complex Modes)、複數模態(Complex Modes)、連續結構(Continuous Structure)、模態測試(Modal Testing)、勢流(Potential Flow)

    • 機械工程
    • 經濟型靶機微渦輪引擎電子控油系統設計與驗證The Design and Evaluation of Electronic Control Unit for Economic Drone with Micro Turbo Engine
    • 程飛凰(Fei-Huang Cheng)、孫嘉鴻(Chia-Hong Sun)、戴武松(Wu-Song Tai)、黃明進(Ming-Jinn Hwang)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    經濟型靶機微渦輪引擎電子控油系統主要是為微渦輪引擎之啟動、運轉及異常保護等功能所研發之電子控油系統，目的在提供靶機系統穩定而可靠之推進動力。本文主要目的在設計並實現經濟型靶機微渦輪引擎電子控油系統，文中將說明其軟硬體架構與引擎控油環路設計。經實驗結果證實，本文所設計之引擎電子控油系統可確實達成引擎啟動與穩定運轉的性能需求。

    關鍵詞 ： 引擎電子控油器(Electronic Control Unit, ECU)、微渦輪引擎(Micro Turbo Engine)、引擎轉速(Revolutions Per Minute, RPM)

    • 機械工程
    • 艦載垂直發射系統非穩態流場之數值研究 A Numerical Study on the Unsteady Flow Field of a Shipboard Vertical Launching System
    • 吳庭瑞(Tin-Juei Wu)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文是對艦載飛彈垂直發射系統之導焰排煙非穩態流場進行數值研究，數值模擬的分析工具採用商用軟體ANSYS FLUENT，物理模式為二維軸對稱Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes方程式、成份守恆方程式及Spalart-Allmaras單方程式紊流模式，幾何模式則是對類似美軍Mk 41型態的導焰排構型做適當的二維軸對稱近似及簡化。依據本文數值分析結果，穩態的部份顯示緩衝室蓄壓能力及壓力分佈都與三維分析結果相類似，此外檢視一系列時間之等馬赫數及等溫度圖，初步確認了緩衝室內建壓過程及發射箱內會回火等現象，對此類構型的非穩態流場特性獲得更深入的了解。數值研究的成果，建立了導焰排煙非穩態流場初步的分析能量，可做為導焰排煙初步設計階段，構型擇優的分析工具。In this paper, the gas management unsteady flow field of a shipboard vertical launching system(VLS) is numerically studied by the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT. Two dimensional axisymmetrical Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes and species conservation equations are solved by employing Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model. The geometric model is an axisymmetrical approach and assumption to a Mk 41 VLS type gas management system. The steady state numerical results are compared with three dimensional simulation results obtained in previous study. To get further insight of the unsteady flowfield, a series of Mach and temperature contours are investigated. The phenomena of the pressurizing process in the plenum and the base heating within the canister are identified. The numerical study can be applied to support the analysis of the VLS primary design.

    關鍵詞 ： 計算流體力學(CFD)、垂直發射系統(VLS)、導焰排煙(Gas Management System)

    • 通訊通信
    • 應用於下世代行動通信陣列天線波束合成之適應性演算法技術研究Research on Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms of Antenna Array for Next Generation Mobile Communication System
    • 黃旭章(Hsu-Chang Huang)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    下世代通信系統(5G)將朝向較高傳輸速率發展，對於下世代行動通信系統而言，高頻段毫米波是一個非常具吸引力及發展性的技術，由於它可提供超過GHz以上之可用頻寬來達到每秒兆位元的數據傳輸速率。但毫米波通信使用較高的載波頻率，因自由空間傳輸損耗與訊號衰減較大，導致傳輸距離受限。因此，此應用需要高增益指向性天線及可控制陣列天線波束之適應性波束合成技術，以補償高傳播損耗。在陣列天線中，適應性波束合成架構是基於使用適應性訊號處理演算法來產生空間指向性波束。其主要目的為將主波束對準期望訊號的到達方向，使高增益波束始終保持對準期望訊號，同時將零陷對準干擾訊號的到達方向，以達到抑制干擾訊號及提升系統抗干擾能力之目的。在此情況下，系統能提供一個最大訊號雜訊干擾比效果的波束場型。Next generation obile communication (5G) will tend to as the development of higher data rates. For next generation mobile communication, high frequency millimeter wave (mmWave) is a very attractive and promising technology because it can provide more than 1 GHz high-bandwidth available to support gigabit-per-second (Gbps) data rates. However, theemployment of the higher carrier frequency in the mmWave communication makes free-space transmission loss and signal attenuation very high. Consequently, it would result in restricted transmission distance. Therefore, this application necessitates high-gain directional antenna and adaptive beamforming technology of steerable antenna array beams to compensate for the high propagation loss. Adaptive beamforming technology is based on using adaptive signal processing algorithms to produce spatial and directional beam in antenna array. The primary purpose is that the main beam aims at the coming direction of desired signal and always maintains desired signal at the maximum gain. Simultaneously, null points to the coming direction of interference signal. Hence, the source of interference signal will be restrained and the anti-noise ability of the system is remarkably developed. At this state, the system can produce a beam pattern of maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

    關鍵詞 ： 陣列天線(Antenna Array)、適應性波束合成(Adaptive Beamforming)、適應性演算法(Adaptive Algorithm)、正規化最小均方演算法(Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) Algorithm)、遞迴式最小平方演算法(Recursive Least Square Algorithm)、可變步階參數正規化最小均方(Variable Step-Size NLMS)

    • 化學化工
    • 直列式爆炸箔引燃器初步研製Preliminary Study of In-Line Exploding Foil Deflagration Igniter
    • 陳維昕(Wei-Hsin Chen)、李兆祜(Solomon J.H. Lee)、朱滎淵(Ying-Yuan Chu)、黃國華(Guo-Hua Huang)、郭維義(We-I Kuo)、王學文(Sywe-Wen Wang)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本研究之目的在於開發符合美軍規範MIL-STD-1901A之直列式爆炸箔引燃器，直列式爆炸箔引燃器包含爆炸箔電橋、點火藥與高壓點火電路三個部分，本研究將三個部分整合為一，並以鐵殼包覆，使得儲能、放電合為一體，不僅大幅降低了放電迴路之電感，使功率提升，且自然形成一個電磁屏障的法拉第盒(Faraday Cage)，除了避免因高壓放電而干擾彈上其他模組，亦可以避免被彈上其他模組干擾而產生誤動作。本研究所研製之直列式爆炸箔引燃器經過多次BPN點火測試、MK30點火器點火測試及與MK30發動機靜試聯測，皆可順利點火，初步驗證了直列式爆炸箔引燃器之可行性，未來希望能取代傳統的低壓引燃器，使本院的發動機(火箭推進器)在使用上更為安全、可靠。This study concentrates on the research and development of the In-Line Exploding Foil Deflagration Igniter (In-Line EFDI) in accordance with MIL-STD-1901A. The In-Line EFDI is composed of exploding foil bridge, pyrotechnic, and high-voltage firing circuit. We integrate these three parts into a system with steel cladding, and make the energy storage and discharge circuit much closer. So that we can not only significantly reduce the inductance of the discharge circuit, but also enhance the power. On the other hand, the steel cladding can form a natural electromagnetic barrier to avoid affecting other modules in the missile, and also avoid the interfering produced by other modules in the missile. The In-Line EFDI successfully went through several igniting test, such as "BPN Igniting Test", "MK-30 Igniter Igniting Test" and "MK-30 Motor Static Igniting Test". We preliminarily verify the possibility of the In-Line EFDI, hoping that the In-Line EFDI could replace the low-voltage igniter in the future, and the missile motors (or rocket boosters) of NCSIST can be used more safely and reliably.

    關鍵詞 ： 直列式(In-Line)、爆炸箔引燃器 (Exploding Foil Deflagration Igniter)、直列式爆炸箔引燃器(In-Line EFDI)

    • 化學化工
    • 細粒徑過氯酸銨對推進劑藥柱駝峰效應之影響Influence of VFAP on the Hump Effect of Solid Propellant Grains
    • 張明福(Ming-Fu Chang)、傅銘田(Ming-Tien Fu)、邢禹成(Yue-Cheng Hsing)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文藉縮尺寸發動機與中空圓管藥柱，測試固體推進劑中之細粒徑過氯酸銨 (Very Fine Ammonium Perchlorate, VFAP)在不同燃燒室壓力下對駝峰效應(Hump Effect)趨勢的影 響。其中VFAP含量佔整體推進劑的重量分率為36%至38%。結果顯示：本研究使用的藥柱燃燒時，出現雙駝峰的特徵，駝峰分別位於0.4及0.6無因次化作用時間的位置，且駝峰升高的比例隨燃燒室壓力增加而降低。當VFAP含量增加時，兩駝峰逐漸靠近，最大峰值漸減，且隨燃燒室壓力而變化的趨勢限縮。此趨勢表明，較高VFAP含量配方的推進劑，較易掌握其駝峰現象，不過它會造成鑄藥的困擾，並不適用為實際配方。雙駝峰現象表明，以往用藥漿流變(Rheology)或熱傳來解釋駝峰效應的模式，需再深入探討謀求精進。Sub-scaled motor with neutral burning perforated grains have been fired to study the wellknown hump effect of solid rockets. It has eighty-five percents solid contents in such a HTPB propellant grain. And, it holds very fine ammonium perchlorate (VFAP) with the mass fraction ranging from 36 percents to 38 percents. The motors are fired under the chamber pressure around 90 to 115 atm. The internal ballistic curves show an uncommon shape of two-humps. The two humps appear at 0.4 and 0.6 of the normalized action time. Its peak pressure will decrease when the operating pressure rises up. We also observe that humps may get closer and closer if the VFAP loading is greater. In the same time, the peak as well as its variation with operating pressure gets small. This trend reveals that the higher VFAP content could suppress the hump effect. We, however, do not suggest this formula due mainly to it causes the casting problem. The two-hump effect tells researcher a fact that the models of rheology and heat transfer those usually used in explaining the hump effect need to be modified for solving this problem.

    關鍵詞 ： 駝峰效應(Hump Effect)、固體推進劑藥柱(Solid Propellant Grains)、細粒徑過氯酸銨(Very Fine Ammonium Perchlorate)

    • 化學化工
    • 新型氧化劑ADN之研究發展Research Progress of ADN Novel Oxidizer
    • 王宏嘉(Hung-Jia Wang)、周娟玉(Chuan-Yu Chou)、黃慶霆(Ching-Ting Huang)、呂理煌(Lea-Hwung Leu)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    組合固體推進劑中過氯酸銨(Ammonium Perchlorate, AP)為目前廣泛被使用之氧化劑，但其具有燃燒時會排放含氯物質造成環境破壞及飛彈末端有明顯的訊跡產生(尾煙)，在作戰上容易被偵測等缺點。近年來環境意識逐漸抬頭，各國對於尋找可替代AP之綠色高性能材料備感興趣。二硝醯胺銨(Ammonium Dinitramide, ADN)結構中N-(NO2)2基團具有高生成熱、高密度與高氧平衡，其固體推進劑系統比衝值高於傳統的AP系統且燃燒不會排放含氯物質；除此之外二硝醯胺酸的銨鹽，與多種陽離子形成穩定富氧鹽類，可以提供一系列的新型含能材料，因為這些優異特性ADN系列產品近年來獲得相當的關注。本文彙整介紹ADN合成製備方法及其物化性能，因未加工ADN成品具有高吸濕性及低熱穩定性，此可透過造粒製程加以改善，文中亦對ADN成球造粒技術加以描述。The most common oxidizer widely used in composite solid propellants is ammonium perchlorate (AP).The most perceptible disadvantage of AP is its chlorinated exhaust products that are detrimental to the environment and produce a distinct signature behind missiles that can be easily detected. The growing environmental awareness in recent years has generated interest in search for new high performance materials. The use of ADN in composite solid propellants eliminates the emission of chlorinated exhaust products from rocket motors, and more Isp than conventional AP based propellants. Apart from the ammonium salt of dinitramidic acid, many different stable oxygen rich salts with a variety of cations are possible, which could provide a new class of energetic materials. The presence of N-(NO2)2 groups in these compounds imparts high heat of formation, density and oxygen balance and hence received a lot of attention in recent years. In order to provide a synthetic method for preparing ADN, the paper present several high yield method for the synthesis of ADN. Due to ADN's highly hygroscopic and low thermal stability, it need to be improved by prilling. The prilling method also be described in this article.

    關鍵詞 ： 二硝醯胺銨(Ammonium Dinitramide)、二硝醯胺酸(ADN)、氧化劑(Dinitramidic Acid)、合成(Oxidizer)、推進劑(Synthetize Propellant)

    • 光電複合材料
    • Electro-Optical Sensors Based Object Tracking for Close-In Weapon Systems 近程武器系統使用之光電感測目標追蹤研究
    • Yu-Ting Pai (白御廷)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    Remote control weapon systems have been an intensive requirement in the modern military. Especially, object tracking has become an indispensable function in the automatic close-in weapon. Due to the consideration of cost, Electro-Optical sensors based object tracking has been an important and much researched problem in recent years. In the previous studies, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) has been widely used for dynamic object tracking and image stitching. In order to achieve real-time computing, this paper proposed amodified method to reduce computational consumption of feature point extraction and constructed a hardware implementation in FPGA. The experimental result shows that the proposed method can keep continuous tracking in the case of image translation, scaling, rotation, and complex background.遙控化系統已成為現代武器最熱門的需求，尤其是物件自動追蹤與瞄準更是不可或缺的要素之一。為了實現自動追瞄系統於小型化或輕量化的武器系統，低成本的光電影像追瞄已成為現今熱門的話題技術。在以往的研究中，尺度不變特徵轉換具有良好的物件特徵解析與追蹤特性，因此被廣泛的應用在電腦視覺領域上。為了完成一個可即時運算物件追蹤功能，在本文中提出一個新的方法來降低物件特徵解析的運算量，並將全系統實現於FPGA之硬體電路上。實驗結果顯示，儘管目標物變換了本身的姿態，或進入了一個複雜的背景，我們仍可以成功地持續追蹤物件。

    關鍵詞 ： Object Tracking(物件追蹤)、 Gabor Wavelets Transform(賈伯小波轉換)、 Scale Invariant Feature transform(尺度不變特徵轉換)、Electro-Optical Sensors(光電感測器)、Close-In Weapon Systems(近程武器系統)

    • 光電複合材料
    • 紅外線戰術分析平台系統IR Tactical Analysis System
    • 莊建宏(Chen-Hung Chuang)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文論述本研發團隊開發之紅外線戰術分析平台系統，其結合場景描述產生器、模擬場景產生器、影像式紅外線(IIR)偵追等模組，主要功能為產生使用者指定的模擬場景，供使用者驗證、開發與測試其偵追法則之用。為符合各專案的需求，本系統可為各種武器系統建立其對空、對海與對陸威脅源的交戰模擬，亦可結合硬體設備做硬體迴路模擬，詳細的系統需求、規格與特色將於文內做完整說明。An IR Tactical Analysis System was developed, and this system is made up of a Scene Description Generation Module, an IR Scene Generation Module, and an Imaging Infrared (IIR) Target Detection & Tracking Module. The main function of this system is to generate the simulated scenes specified by the user to verify, develop, and test the user's detection and tracking algorithms. To meet the requirements of various projects, this system is capable of simulating engagements of air, sea, and surface threats for various weapon systems. The system is able to perform a hardware-in-the-loop simulation as well by connecting it with hardware devices. Detailed requirements, specifications, and features of the system will be fully described in this paper.

    關鍵詞 ： 關鍵詞：紅外線(IR)、戰術分析系統(Tactical Analysis System)、模式模擬 (Simulation)、場景產生器(Scene eneration)

    • 電子電機
    • 4D追蹤雷達數據處理設計與驗證Data Processing Design and Testing for 4D High Accuracy Track Radar
    • 陳國鎮(Go-Chen Chen)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文在艦載脈波都卜勒雷達以中重覆頻率技術，成功解決距離與速度混淆問題，開發量測目標距離、速度、方位與俯仰等四維(4D)資料的雷達數據資料處理設計。此4D數據資料處理設計已完成海上動態驗測，並達到對海上與空中之單目標追瞄砲控要求。This article describes using the Medium Pulse Repetition Frequency (MPRF) on a shipborne pulse doppler radar, to solve the range and doppler ambiguities, and further mentions the radar data processing approaches on dimensions of range, velocity, azimuth, and elevation(4D). All the designs of the radar data processor have passed maritime performance examination and deployed on naval patrol vessel, and the accuracies of both air and surface tracking targets meet the requirement of naval gun control system.

    關鍵詞 ： 單目標追蹤(Single Target Track)、中重覆頻率 (Medium Pulse Repetition Frequency)、數據資料處理(Data Processing)、自動增益控制(Automatic Gain Control);卡爾曼濾波(Kalman Filter)

    • 電子電機
    • A Ka Band Scalable Four-element Phased Array T/R IC using Directed-Coupled Standing Wave I/Q Oscillator Array in 65nm CMOS 直接耦合駐波IQ震盪器陣列之四單位可擴展Ka波段射頻積體電路收發器
    • Yow-Ling Gau(高幼齡)、Qing-Yun Chu(儲青雲)、Shao-Ting Zeng(曾紹庭)、Yu-Jiu Wang(王毓駒)、Ta-Shun Chu(朱大舜)、Borching Su(蘇柏青)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    This work proposed "a prospective critical module for miniaturized active electric scanning system". The Plan is to design, package, assemble, test and deliver a Ka Band 8x8 two-dimensional phased array system. These include, one CMOS four-channel phased array transceiver system IC design with 16 working and assembled dies, eight pieces of 1x8 phased array module boards including mentioned chipsets and antenna-on-board, eight pieces of DC supply module boards, eight pieces of AD/DA module boards, one LO distribution module board, and enough number of FPGA for automatic calibrating and controlling the whole system. Precision phase controls and calibrations are the keys to achieve high RADAR performance. A directed-coupled standing wave I/Q oscillator is chosen to stabilize phase-toamplitude modulation appeared in typical phased array systems. These technologies greatly improve the robustness of RADAR system during operations. To achieve ease-of-maintenance, the systems will be based on a 1x8 linear scalable phased-array module board. CMOS system IC reduces the overall manufacturing cost. SiP packaging technologies reduce overall system physical dimensions. FPGA firmware and hardware calibrate and control the RADAR to automate system operations on battlefields. 本文針對微小化主動式電子掃瞄系統前瞻關鍵模組進行開發研究，文中陳述了設計、封裝、組裝、測試ㄧ中心運作頻率為Ka波段之8x8二維相位陣列天線及晶片組模組系統。內容涵蓋設計一CMOS四通道可延展相位陣列系統晶片及測試完成品16顆已封裝並組裝於系統之晶片、八片已安裝之1x8可延展相位陣列天線模組板成品含晶片組、八片已安裝DC穩壓板成品、八片已安裝AD/DA板成品、一片已安裝之晶體震盪板及足夠數目之FPGA控制板與相位陣列校正及數位雷達陣列收發機控制軟體。為求得高雷達效能，精密相位陣列單元之相位校正與控制為關鍵技術。在本文章內採用直接耦合(Direct-Coupled)駐波IQ震盪器，維持本地震盪訊號輸出的振幅固定，因此射頻到中/基頻的增益可以保持不變，大幅增加雷達系統運作時之穩固性。為求易維護性，本文章採用的主體將會是1x8的線性可延展相位陣列模組。系統晶片採用CMOS系統晶片與GaAs前端模組，降低建造成本。透過SiP覆晶方式降低總系統尺寸。FPGA模組相位校正與控制強化雷達系統與電子作戰中自動化與使用便利性。

    關鍵詞 ： Phased-Array Transmitter(相位陣列收發器)、RF Transceiver(射頻收發器)、LO-Phase-Shifting (本地震盪相移)、Automatic Digital Calibration (自動數位校正)

    • 電子電機
    • Radar Target Detection Using Neural Fuzzy Network 類神經模糊網路應用於雷達目標之偵測
    • Fun-Bin Duh(杜峯賓)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    Target detection is a primary function in radar systems. Radar detection procedures involve the comparison of the received signal amplitude to a threshold value. In order to obtain a constant false-alarm rate (CFAR), an adaptive threshold must be applied reflecting the local clutter situation. Several algorithms of the CFAR have been proposed in the radar literature to deal with different scenarios in radar applications, including uniform (stationary), nonuniform (clutter edges) clutter and multiple targets within the CFAR processing. However, the conventional CFAR algorithms, such as CA-, GO-, SO-, and OS- CFARs, do not produce good results for all situations. This paper proposes a neural fuzzy network for target detection, called NFN-CFAR, which is an intelligent algorithm and carried out by a six-layer self-constructing neural fuzzy inference network (SONFIN) to provide an effective approach based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to the solution of CFAR detection. Simulation results show that this NFN-CFAR algorithm has significant advantages of performance in different target situations and in highly complex clutter environments, which is superior to the conventional algorithms.目標偵測為雷達系統之基本功能，其程序為將所接收之信號振幅與臨界值相比較。為求固定偽警率所採用之適應臨界值須隨鄰近區中之雜波作調適。許多固定偽警率應用技術已在雷達文獻提出，用於處理雷達應用之不同場景，包括具穩定的、非穩定雜波及多目標。然而，傳統固定偽警率技術，如單元平均、選大、選小及次序統計，對各種情形之處理皆未能獲得好結果。本文提出一種類神經模糊網路目標偵測，稱為類神經模糊網路－固定偽警率，其為六層自我組織類神經模糊網路所建構之智慧型技術，具適應性之類神經－模糊推論系統，能提供有效的固定偽警率偵測。由模擬結果顯示類神經模糊網路－固定偽警率技術，於不同目標場景及高度雜波環境中，較傳統技術有較佳之性能。

    關鍵詞 ： Constant False-Alarm Rate(固定偽警率)、 Cell Averaging(單元平均)、; Neural Fuzzy Network(類神經模糊網路)、 Order Statistics(次序統計)、 Radar Signal Processing(雷達信號處理)、Target Detection(目標偵測)

    • 電子電機
    • 多輻射源複雜脈波訊號之抵達時差定位法則研析Research of TDOA Localization Techniques for Complicated Pulse Sequence of Multi-Radiation Sources
    • 邱育倫(Yu-Lun Chiu)、黃正光(Jeng-Kuang Hwang)、潘佑維(You-Wei Pan)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    利用訊號的抵達時差進行輻射源的多站台定位技術，是近年來運用日益廣泛的一種無源定位技術，但是當環境中同時存在多個目標物時，接收站台需具備訊號分選機制，才具有同時對不同目標輻射源進行時差定位的能力。本文針對多個目標物同時發射脈波雷達訊號的複雜脈波環境，設計一具有脈波分選機制的抵達時差定位系統，以期能成功同時定位多個目標物。在脈波分選機制方面，本文提出累積差值直方圖及順序差直方圖，兩種基於脈波抵達時間差統計直方圖的演算法，並進一步利用連續小波轉換的技術，推展出另一種脈波分選演算法，且較直方圖演算法有較佳之處理速度及分選性能。此外將配合電腦模擬，說明各種演算法的機制以及其性能。In recent years, TDOA-based multilateral localization technique is widely applied to passive radar for estimating the target location. In this paper, we investigate the localization problem in the presence of multiple radiating targets, which give rise to the scenario of complicated superimposed pulse train at each receiver station. First, we apply the cumulative difference (CDIF) and sequential difference (SDIF) histogram-based technique for the purpose of pulse deinterleaving at each station. Aware of the disadvantage of the above method, we then propose to use a newly developed pulse deinterleaving method based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). CWT method results in faster computational speed and better performance, as compared to the histogram-based methods. Computer simulation results are included to verify the performance for the above pulse deinterleaving methods.

    關鍵詞 ： 抵達時差(TDOA)、脈波雷達(Pulse Radar)、訊號分選(Pulse Deinterleaving)、統計直方圖(Histogram)、連續小波轉換(CWT)

    • 電子電機
    • 基於累積能量譜之水下目標自動辨識演算法Automatic Classification of Underwater Objects Based on Accumulated Energy Spectrum
    • 鄭又銘(Yo-Ming Cheng)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文提出由水下目標聲信號累積能量譜擷取特徵資訊之方法，並以此為基礎發展水下目標自動辨識演算法。本文方法可一併處理穩暫態的聲信號，以降低發展辨識系統時的複雜度。時域聲信號經短時傅立葉轉換後得到離散功率譜密度函數，經離散積分後可得到累積能量譜，再藉多項式迴歸分析得到連續譜趨勢，將之分離並提取譜值大者作為聲信號特徵資訊。本研究採用倒傳遞類神經網路架構發展水下目標自動辨識演算法，則採用此特徵資訊作為輸入值。演算法經訓練後，於驗證過程和白色噪音環境下之測試分析均有相當好的辨識表現，運算效率亦極高。目前研究結果顯示本文提出之累積能量譜法所截取之水下目標聲信號特徵具有代表性，並可應用於自動辨識演算。A general method is proposed in the present study to draw characteristic features from the acoustical signals of underwater objects in time domain, upon which automatic classification algorithms are developed. With the advantage of being capable of handling both periodically steady and unsteady acoustical signals, the present method is based on the analysis of accumulated energy spectrum and effectively reduces complexities in designing classification system. Applying the Short-Time Fourier Transform, the discrete power spectral density is obtained of an acoustical signal, and upon integration of that with respect to time an accumulated energy spectrum is immediately established. Characteristics of the acoustical signal could be decided by picking the largest components of the spectrum with approximated trend being removed. With the so drawn signal features as the inputs, two nack-propagation artificial neural network models are developed for automatic classification of underwater objects. In terms of accuracy and operation speed, both models exhibit excellent capabilities in verifications, as well as in tests concerning white noise environments. This study suggests the present method of accumulated energy spectrum is able to draw significant features from underwater acoustical signals, which could be effectively used for the purpose of objects classification.

    關鍵詞 ： 累積能量譜(Accumulated Energy Spectrum)、聲信號特徵(Signal Features)、短時傅立葉轉換 (Short-Time Fourier Transform)、類神經網路(Artificial Neural Network)

    • 電子電機
    • 電偵振幅接收機系統定向精度提升研究Improvement of DoA Estimation Accuracy of Amplitude Comparison Direction Finding Receiver in ESM System
    • 陳明仁(Min-Ren Chen)、陳智宏(Chih-Hung Chen)、陳維偉(Wei-Wei Chen)、蘇昱瑩(Yu-Ying Su)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文針對振幅比較式接收機系統之測向技術進行研究，接收機系統係以各頻道接收之電壓振幅差，進行信號來向角計算，因此在選擇硬體時，需考量天線、放大器等元件製程誤差，對於各頻道電壓振幅分布特性之影響。然而，在寬頻及寬波束之設計要求下，系統接收天線場型與電壓振幅分布，兩者之間特性不一致，實無可避免。本文提出信號強度權重資料庫比對演算法，來降低製程差異對系統之影響，以提升信號來向角定向精度。This paper focuses on the direction finding technology of amplitude comparison receiver. While calculating the DoA of signal, the receiver uses the difference of the voltage amplitude of each channel. Consequently, when choosing the hardware, we have to consider the process variation in antennas and amplifiers, to prevent the impact on the distribution of the voltage amplitude of each channel. However, based on the broadband and wide beam width design requirement, it cannot be avoided that the inconsistency of distribution between the antenna pattern and the voltage amplitude. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm based on "signal weighting" and "database comparison" to reduce the impact from process variation.Moreover, DoA estimation accuracy is also improved.

    關鍵詞 ： 振幅比較(Amplitude Comparison)、接收機(Receiver)、電子支援(Electronic Support Measures)、演算法(Algorithm)、來向角(DoA)

    • 系統模擬
    • Adaptive TDOA Passive Emitter Localization with UAVs 多載台空中無人載具協同時差定位適應性法則之研究
    • Der-Ren Taur(陶德仁)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    In this study, an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) has been proposed to estimate the emitter position of ground targets by using a UAV team with cooperative sensing devices. The sensing devices are the emitter location systems (ELS) allow the passive autonomous acquisition, identification and determination of angle and time of arrival (TOA) of the pulse train for radiating targets and threats. The main idea to locate the target is first to analyze the geometry of the sensor allocations for optimal cooperative estimation in terms of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and the corresponding Fisher information matrix (FIM). And then, an AEKF is invoked to estimate the target position by using time-difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements from the sensing devices, where the initial range error covariance of the EKF is adapted proportional to the initial guess of target range to go. The initial guess of the range of the target can be obtained by employing intersecting spherical surfaces from TDOA measurements.本文係利用多載台空中無人載具協同採用適應性擴展型卡曼濾波器以估測地面輻射源之位置座標。一般而言，輻射源目標定位系統(ELS)可被動式偵收、識別、及確定威脅目標輻射源脈波波束到達之時間及角度。文中首先利用估測誤差的克拉美-羅下限(CRLB)及信息含量所對應之Fisher Information Matrix(FIM)求取協同工作中不同空中載台目標定位系統間尋優之相對幾何關係，再由不同目標定位系統間接受輻射脈波到達時間之差異值採用適應性擴展型卡曼濾波器以估測目標之位置座標。該適應性擴展型卡曼濾波器其估測目標距離誤差共變異量之初始值將設定為隨著預測目標距離之大小而作適應性的調整，而目標距離之預測值則可藉由時差量測值計算後初步獲得之。

    關鍵詞 ： Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (AEKF)(適應性擴展型卡曼濾波器); Emitter Localization of Ground Target(輻射源目標定位系統);Optimal Cooperative Sensing with UAVs(空中多載台尋優協同); Time-Difference of Arrival (TDOA)Measurements (時差定位); Fisher Information Matrix (FIM); Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB)克拉美－羅下限

    • 系統模擬
    • 多指管系統情資整合機制與接戰法則研究The Research of Communication and Weapon Target Assignment in Multi-Command and Control Systems
    • 吳元彰(Yuan-Chang Wu)、陳丙堃(Ping-Kuen Chen)、林晏如(Yen-Ju Lin)、劉芳萍(Fan-Pyn Liu)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文探討分散式架構下各級指管系統聯合作戰中幾個主要的問題，包括火力分配、動態模擬、及分散式架構各節點(武力單元、指管系統、感測器)間的通訊等。火力分配問題，我們提出一目標函式考慮設施保護效益(Facilities Protection Benefit, FPB)、攔截效益(Intercept Benefit, IB)、成本效益(Cost Benefit, CB)等作為火力分配欲達成的目標，並利用二階段貪婪演算法迅速完成優質的火力分配結果。動態模擬問題，我們利用Google地圖作為模擬戰場地理圖資，並以動態模擬的方式，推演真實戰況可能遭遇的情境。節點間的通訊問題，我們提出分區火力資源分配、主控節點備援的遴選演算法，可高強度適應火力分配系統之動態資源部署及維持服務的穩定運作。This paper aims to address the several major problems in multi-command and control systems which includes weapon-target-assignment (WTA), dynamic simulation, and the communication between units (firepowers, command and control systems, sensors) in distributed architecture. We propose an improved rule-based greedy algorithm with an objective function which pursues Facilities Protection Benefit (FPB), Intercept Benefit (IB) and Cost Benefit (CB) to complete WTA. For dynamic simulation, we apply Google Map to be a simulated battlefield and simulate some scenarios which could be encountered in the real situations. For communication problem, we propose a key performance objective function and election/recovery algorithm to obtain optimal supernode by revised meridian-based selection algorithm that adapt dynamic firepower allocation for stable and efficient operations in tactical networks.

    關鍵詞 ： 指管系統(Command and Control System)、火力分配(Weapon-Target-Assgignment)、動態模擬(Dynamic Simulation)、分散式架構(Distributed Architecture)、貪婪演算法(Greedy Algorithm)

    • 系統模擬
    • 微波導引飛彈角度閃爍之研究Angular Glint Research on Missile Target
    • 侯元昌(Yuan-Chang Hou)、陳信宏(Shin-Hon Chen)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    角度閃爍是微波目標特性研究的重要議題。它由多個散射點間的干涉所造成，會破壞雷達回波之波前，並且讓追蹤雷達偏離正確方向。本研究設計一模擬程式，以數學模型計算角度閃爍所產生之閃爍誤差。分析不同雷達目標參數的變化，對產生角度閃爍的影響。In radar target properties research, the angular glint is an important issue. Angle glint can distort phase front in the radar echo and produces deviation. The effect is due to the interference from different scattering centers. We design a simulation program which is used mathematical model for calculating glint error. For various target parameters, we analyze their influence on angle glint.

    關鍵詞 ： 角度閃爍(Angular Glint)、相位梯度法 (Phase Gradient Analysis)、閃爍誤差(Glint Error)

    • 資訊軟體
    • 鉅量資料分析於C4ISR之應用Application of Big Data Analysis on C4ISR
    • 高浩馭Hao-Yu Kao、郭立言Li-Yen Kuo

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    自從網際網路的快速發展，加上智慧型行動裝置的普及，全球的資料量以指數成長，人們開始注意到資料的魅力，許多企業藉由分析資料，取得可供決策之重要資訊。而對於指管系統而言，如何利用資料也成為大家關注的議題。在本文中，我們利用鉅量資料和機器學習技術，提出分析演算法，發展出一套航跡預測系統，此系統可預測不明航跡未來行走之路徑，以及分類出所屬機型，協助指揮官下達正確決策。Since the rapid development of Internet and popularization of smart devices, the quantity of global data grows exponentially. One begins to notice the glamour of the materials. A lot of enterprises obtain the important information for decision by analyzing the materials. In terms of C4ISR systems, how to utilize the materials becomes the main issue. In this thesis, we propose an algorithm to develop the Track Prediction System using the big data and machine learning technology. The system can predict the unknown flight move path in the future and classify the flight type. The goal is that the system can assist the commanding officer to make a correct decision.

    關鍵詞 ： C4ISR、鉅量資料(Big Data)、航跡預測系統(Track Prediction System)、決策支援(Decision Making)、機器學習(Machine Learning)、分類(Classification)

    • 資訊軟體
    • 駭客技術與網路戰戰力結構研究Research of Hacker Technics and Cyber Warfare Capability Framework
    • 陳佑全You-Quan Chen

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    著眼於網際網路技術所帶來的巨大效益，各國政治、經濟及軍事等領域均大幅推廣運用。由個人電腦、伺服器、交換器及路由器等資訊設備組成的綿密網絡，將國家社會的各角落相互連結，使得鉅量的訊息能在短時間內被收受、傳遞、處理及分發。然而，在支持現代化政治、經濟、民生及國防等龐大事務體系運行的同時，卻也成為駭客的攻擊目標。由於其對國家安全的重大影響，有必要以國防運用的角度了解駭客操作特性，以支持網路戰專業部隊建軍備戰任務。本文共包含三部分討論，首先從非技術人員的角度出發，辨析駭客操作的效用類別，澄清各階段的作業意涵與相互關係。其次，研究各階段操作之相關學理，並實作簡單範例以觀察技術特色。最後，以目前所得成果為基礎，探討網路戰專業部隊的戰力結構型態，並對後續研究提供建議方向。AbstractDue to its tremendous benefits in information processing, network technology has been applied widely in politic, economic, and military domains in most countries in this world. Networks that assembled by personal computers, server, routers, and other network components reach different aspects in a society and enable large information to be collected, processed, distributed, and utilized. However, while the network technology supports modern activities, it as well becomes a valuable and vulnerable target to hackers. For national security consideration, it is necessary to understand the hacker technics and explore its potential application.

    關鍵詞 ： 駭客(Hacker)、網路戰(Cyber Warfare)、網路情蒐(Footprint)、網路攻擊(Network Attack)、社交工程(Social Engineering)、病毒(Virus)、木馬(Trojan Horse)、傀儡(Bot)

    • 資訊軟體
    • 應用模糊理論來改善人體遮蔽效應對室內定位效能之研究－以Wi-Fi環境為例A Study to Improve Body Shadowing forIndoor Positioning by Using Fuzzy Logic:The Case of Wi-Fi Environment
    • 錢為任Wei-Jen Chien　錢　逸Yi Cian　邱弘毅Hong-Yi Chiu

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    隨著無線通訊的發展，以網路作為定位之適地性服務(Location Based Service, LBS)日漸受到青睞，使得IEEE 802.11 無線區域網路(WLAN)系統為定位基礎之研究也慢慢普及化。以室外GPS定位服務為例，常被應用於行車的導航與路徑規劃。其主要是利用接收3顆以上之GPS衛星，經由三角定位原理求得使用端GPS接收器的所在位置；但GPS接收器必須與衛星間保持在無障礙的目視直線(Line Of Sight, LoS)狀態下，才能有效提供定位之準確性。而在室內定位技術中，以Microsoft實驗室在西元2000年所提出的RADAR(Radio Detection and Ranging)系統較為著稱，此研究可應用於無線區域網路(Wi-Fi)對行動端之追蹤與定位服務，其主要是根據在實驗環境中所接收到的Wi-Fi訊號強度，進行訊號紋的特徵樣式比對，以計算出行動端的所在位置。故本研究提出在Wi-Fi環境下，將探討人體遮蔽效應與訊號衰減之補償校正，並使用模糊邏輯分群法則來改善定位之精確度，最後，經實驗結果得知誤差距離最佳可達1.544公尺。As time goes on, the wireless communication network develops quickly and thereforethe Location-Based Service (LBS) becomes popular issue gradually, makes the IEEE 802.11wireless local area network system based positioning researches gradually getting morepopular. Outdoor position systems are used to apply the GPS for the navigation of vehicle andscheming routes. The main way of these is with receiving signals from three or more satellitesto obtain user's location through triangulation principle. Nevertheless it's necessary to keep thesatellite in Line-of-Sight (LoS) to perform effectively and accurate localization. The MicrosoftLaboratory proposed the RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) system in 2000 which isoutstanding technique in the region of indoor position and this research can be applied toWireless LAN (Wi-Fi) for following the trail of user and the location service. In this study, wewill focus on the shadowing effect of human body, the compensation of signal attenuation, andusing the fuzzy logic clustering to improve localization accuracy in the Wi-Fi environment.Eventually, the average error distance of this experiment can be reached within 2 meters

    關鍵詞 ： 適地性服務LBS、無線區域網路WLAN、模糊邏輯Fuzzy Logic

    • 工業工程
    • 可維修系統服役資料分析之研究The Study of Field Data Analysis forRepairable Systems
    • 廖大偉(Ta-Wei Liao)　洪贊順(Tsan-Shun Hung)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    大多數的可維修系統一旦故障時，是採取更換或修復失效組件的方式使系統恢復到原來的操作狀態，而不會以更換整個系統的方式執行。過去經常以不可維修系統的方法分析可維修系統，導致錯誤結論。本文透過蒐集部署服役武器系統的可靠度與維修資料，以無母數統計法結合圖解分析評估可維修系統的可靠度趨勢。AbstractMost repairable systems are restored to operating condition by replacing or repairingfailed components or modules in the event of failure. Common situations in the failure modeof repairable systems are not intended to replace entire system. The statistical methodsand models used in non-repairable systems are not appropriate for repairable systems, andusually provide incorrect results with wrong conclusions. In order to address the reliabilitycharacteristics of fielded weapon systems, a process is used to collect the field reliability andmaintenance data. The technique based on the non-parametric method and cumulative plot ispresented in this paper to evaluate the reliability trend for repairable systems.

    關鍵詞 ： 可維修系統(Repairable Systems)、無母數統計法( Non-parametric Method)、圖解分析(Cumulative Plot)

    • 工業工程
    • 失效數截止步降與步進應力加速壽命試驗時間模擬Simulation on Test Duration of Step-downand Step-up Stress Accelerated Life Testingwith Failure Censored
    • 沈盈志(Ying-Chih Shen)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本文模擬數種壽命分佈模型，於相同失效數截止試驗條件下，估算不同分布之步降與步進應力施加方式所對應的試驗時間，探討壽命分佈參數及劣化參數對驗測時間的影響程度，提供可靠度工程師作為加速壽命驗測規劃之參考。模擬結果顯示坽提高最低應力水準即能有效縮短試驗時間；夌產品呈指數壽命分佈，或失效屬隨機特性者，採用步進應力加速法較為有利；奅產品壽命變異越小，或失效損傷記憶特性越強者，步降應力加速法所獲得試驗效益越高。This article presents several test duration simulations for step-down stress and step-upstress accelerated life testing (ALT) with failure censored under different distributions. Inaddition, it explores the effects of parameters of life-distribution models and accelerated-lifemodel. The results show that (1) increasing the minimum stress level can shorten test durationdramatically, (2) the step-up stress ALT is comparatively favorable for the product withexponential-life-distribution or random-failure characteristic, and (3) the lower the coefficientof variation is, or the higher the shape parameter of life-distribution is, the more effective thestep-down stress ALT will be.

    關鍵詞 ： 步降應力(Step-down Stress)、步進應力(Step-up Stress)、加速壽命試驗(Accelerated Life Testing (ALT))、步加試驗、截止數據(CensoredData)、壽命推估(Life Estimation)

    • 工業工程
    • 本院供應商管理與策略發展探討A Study on NCSIST Supplier Managementand Strategy Development
    • 俞祖平(Tsu-Ping Yu)、巫光海(Kuang-Hai Wu)、范明正(Ming-Jing Fun)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    本研究透過以往本院建立之供應商名單，探討需求建立分類，並檢視及分析後續採購運用成效，另藉由參考工業技術研究院(ITRI)及漢翔航空工業股份有限公司(AIDC)供應商建立模式，反瞻本院供應商建立與管理機制之完整性，提出可行建議作法與未來之發展策略，以確保在眾多供應商中挑選出適合所需，並運用供應商管理作為，建立雙贏互利及長期合作夥伴關係，提升本院競爭優勢，以滿足全院採購需求，達成永續經營目標。The purpose of this paper is to discuss the supplier requirements of National Chung-Shan Institute of Science Technology (NCSIST), and analyze the follow-up procurementeffectiveness based on the established supplier list of our institute. By studying the suppliersetup models of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and Aerospace IndustrialDevelopment Corporation (AIDC), we reviewed and researched the integrity and performanceof the mechanism of our supplier management system, and have contributed feasible measuresand strategies for future selection of most qualified suppliers. Through proper operationof supplier management, we can establish a long-term, win-win partner relationship withsuppliers. Furthermore, we can fulfill the procurement requirements and achieve the goal ofsustainability by promoting our competitive advantage.

    關鍵詞 ： 供應商管理(Supplier Management)、供應鏈( Supply Chain)、集中採購(Centralized Purchasing)、採購策略(Purchase Strategy)

    • 工業工程
    • 武器系統品質管理之系統架構與資訊化實現之研究Research for Quality ManagementConstruction and Programming Technologyin the Weapon System
    • 黃啟輝Chi-Huei Huang)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    我國引進「品質管理」的觀念，已有60年以上的歷史，從品質管制、品管圈、全面品質管理，逐步建立「品質工程」的系統面觀念。廣義的品質工程範圍涵蓋範圍甚廣，舉凡管理、技術、方法及資訊等，品質面整合開發的所有議題，均可認為是品質工程的一部分。本研究主要提出品質管理系統在武器系統的發展架構與模式，並探討其資訊化之研究，希望藉此為本院武器系統全面品質提升奠定良好的基礎。The Quality Management launched in the domestic relating areas over 60 years, isintegrated with the system of Engineering Management. The major framework's focus onthe total quality issues including management, technology and application as well. Thepurpose of this article is to study the model and structure of Quality Management applied inthe development of weapon system, followed with the approach of programming technologyimplemented

    關鍵詞 ： 品質管理(Quality Management)、品質工程(Quality Engineering)、品質管制(Quality Control)、品管圈(Quality ControlCircles)、全面品質管理(Total Quality Management)、環境工程(Environment Engineering)、可靠度工程( ReliabilityEngineering)、品管工程(Quality Control Engineering)、PDCA(PDCA)

    • 工業工程
    • 空射飛彈自由飛行振動規格擬訂之研究A Study on Air-Launched Missile Free-Flight Vibration Specification Establishment
    • 許凱超(Kae-Chau Sheu)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    MIL-STD-810對噴射機外掛物飛行振動環境之預估，係以「掛載」飛行量測資料為基礎，若以此來預估空射飛彈自由振動環境規格，將導致不合理之過高振動位準。對此，MIL-HDBK-781規定以「自由飛行紊流調整因子」，MIL-STD-810於F版本開始增加「馬赫數修正」係數，來調降外掛物高速飛行之振動預估位準。本文建議以MILSTD-810噴射機外掛物飛行振動環境預估方法為基礎，採用MIL-HDBK-781之「自由飛行紊流調整因子」，並以Lowson研究為基礎之關係式取代MIL-STD-810之「馬赫數修正」，來預估空射飛彈自由飛行振動環境規格。本文建議之預估結果，除遠低於美軍標準/規範外，並可涵蓋飛試量測之振動位準，且具有相當的安全裕度。The vibration environment prediction method for jet aircraft external store as specified inMIL-STD-810, was based on captive flight measurements. If used it to predict air-launchedmissile free-flight vibration environment, will lead to an unreasonable high vibration level.Hence, MIL-HDBK-781 add a "free-flight turbulence adjustment factor", and MIL-STD-810Fadd a "Mach number correction" to reduce the external store vibration predicted result duringhigh speed flight. For establishing air-launched missile free-flight vibration specification, thispaper proposes a means based on MIL-STD-810 prediction method, by adopt the "free-flightturbulence adjustment factor" of MIL-HDBK-781, and derive a formula based on Lowson'sstudy to substitute the "Mach number correction" of MIL-STD-810. As a result, the airlaunchedmissile free-flight vibration level predicted by this paper far lower than the resultspredicted by MIL-STD-810 and MIL-HDBK-781, can cover the measurement data acquiredfrom missile flight tests, and still provide an appropriate safety margin.

    關鍵詞 ： 空射飛彈(Air-Launched Missile)、自由飛行振動(Free-Flight Vibration)、MIL-STD-810、MIL-HDBK-781

    • 工業工程
    • 應用貝氏統計於武器系統保固及可靠度試驗規劃Bayesian Approaches to Warranty Assuranceand Reliability Test Planning of Weapon Systems
    • 廖建義(Jen-Yi Liao)、李彥澂(Yan-Cheng Lee)

    卷期 ： 11 /

    出版年 ： 2015/01/01

    可靠度試驗及保固為武器系統定型與實證之重要工作。一般著重於武器系統之功能及特性，而甚少考量其保固及可靠度，導致武器系統無法達到既定的可靠性及妥善率。在可靠度應用領域上，工程人員由實務累積了很多實用但不甚精準的經驗，例如溫度加速壽命試驗之活化能及失效數據分析之Weibull形狀參數等。相較於保守的傳統可靠度分析程序，直觀上與工程經驗及專家判斷結合的貝氏可靠度分析手法，更能切中關鍵，降低成本及縮短試驗時間。在本文中，首先探討貝氏統計於可靠度試驗規劃、加速壽命試驗與保固期評估的相關理論，並以案例說明其應用方式。Reliability test and warranty assurance play crucial roles in prototype confirmation anddemonstrattion of weapons systems. In general, the emphasis on the functions and performanceof weapons systems, but ignore their warranty and reliability, resulting in weapons systems cannotachieve the required reliability and availability. In reliability applications, engineers often have usefulbut imprecise knowledge from a lot of practical experience. For example, the effective activationenergy in a temperature-accelerated life test or about the Weibull shape parameter in the analysis offailure data. Comparing with the classical reliability methods, Bayesian reliability analysis offers anintuitively way to harness past experience and "expert judgment" toward a goal of reducing costs andtest time. This paper will first look at the Bayesian approaches for reliability test planning, acceleratedlife test and warranty evaluation, following with the case studies in their applications.

    關鍵詞 ： 貝氏定理(Bayes' Theory)、可靠度試驗規劃( Reliability Test Planning)、加速壽命試驗( Accelerated Life Test)、指數型無失效試驗規劃( Bayesian Zerofailure,BAZE (Reliability Demonstration Testing)、保固期評估(Warranty Evaluation)、蒙地卡羅馬可夫鏈MontecarloMarkov Chain (MCMC)